Wari ubiziAluminiumigizwe na 75% -80% yindege zigezweho?!
Amateka ya aluminium mu nganda zo mu kirere asubira inyuma.Mubyukuri aluminiyumu yakoreshwaga mu ndege mbere yuko indege zivumburwa.Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, Count Ferdinand Zeppelin yakoresheje aluminiyumu mu gukora amakaramu y'indege zizwi cyane za Zeppelin.
Aluminium nibyiza mu gukora indege kuko yoroshye kandi ikomeye.Aluminium ni kimwe cya gatatu cy'uburemere bw'ibyuma, bituma indege itwara uburemere bwinshi cyangwa igakoresha ingufu nyinshi.Byongeye kandi, aluminiyumu irwanya ruswa irinda umutekano w’indege n’abagenzi bayo.
Ikirere rusange cya Aluminium
2024- Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muruhu rwindege, inka, imiterere yindege.Ikoreshwa kandi mugusana no gusana.
3003- Uru rupapuro rwa aluminiyumu rukoreshwa cyane mu nka no gusya.
5052- Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora ibigega bya lisansi.5052 ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa (cyane cyane mubikorwa byo mu nyanja).
6061- Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubyuma byindege bigwa hamwe nibindi byinshi bidafite indege byubaka-bikoreshwa.
7075- Bikunze gukoreshwa mu gushimangira imiterere yindege.7075 ni imbaraga zikomeye cyane kandi ni imwe mu manota akunze gukoreshwa mu nganda zindege (kuruhande rwa 2024).
Amateka ya Aluminium mu nganda zo mu kirere
Abavandimwe Wright
Ku ya 17 Ukuboza 1903, abavandimwe ba Wright bakoze indege ya mbere ku isi hamwe n'indege yabo, Wright Flyer.
Wright Flyer umuvandimwe
Muri kiriya gihe, moteri y’imodoka zari ziremereye cyane kandi ntizatanga imbaraga zihagije zo kugera ku ndege, bityo abavandimwe ba Wright bubaka moteri idasanzwe aho icyuma cya silinderi nibindi bice byakorwaga muri aluminium.
Kubera ko aluminiyumu itaboneka cyane kandi yari ihenze cyane, indege ubwayo yakozwe mu mbuto ya Sitka hamwe n'ikigano cy'imigano gitwikiriwe na canvas.Bitewe n'umuvuduko muke muke hamwe nubushobozi buke bwo kubyara indege, kugumisha ikadiri yoroheje cyane byari ngombwa kandi ibiti nibyo byonyine byashobokaga urumuri rushoboka rwo kuguruka, nyamara rukomeye bihagije kugirango rutware umutwaro usabwa.
Bizatwara imyaka icumi kugirango ikoreshwa rya aluminiyumu ryamamare.
Intambara ya mbere y'isi yose
Indege zikoze mu giti zagaragaje ibimenyetso byazo mu minsi ya mbere y’indege, ariko mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, aluminiyumu yoroheje yatangiye gusimbuza ibiti nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gukora icyogajuru.
Mu 1915, umudage w’indege w’Ubudage Hugo Junkers yubatse indege ya mbere yuzuye ku isi;Junkers J 1 monoplane.Fuselage yayo yakozwe muri aluminiyumu irimo umuringa, magnesium na manganese.
Junkers J 1
Igihe Cyiza Cyindege
Igihe cy’Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose n'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose cyaje kwitwa Igihe cya Zahabu cy'Indege
Mu myaka ya za 1920, Abanyamerika n'Abanyaburayi barushanwaga mu gusiganwa ku ndege, biganisha ku guhanga udushya mu gushushanya no mu mikorere.Biplanes yasimbuwe na monoplanes yoroshye kandi habaho inzibacyuho kumurongo wibyuma byose bikozwe muri aluminiyumu.
“Tin Goose”
Mu 1925, Ford Motor Co yagiye mu nganda zindege.Henry Ford yateguye 4-AT, moteri itatu, indege yose yicyuma ikoresheje aluminiyumu.Yiswe “Tin Goose”, yahise ikubitwa n'abagenzi n'abakora indege.
Mu myaka ya za 1930 rwagati, hagaragaye imiterere mishya yindege yoroheje, ifite moteri nyinshi zometse cyane, zikuramo ibikoresho byo kugwa, ibyuma bihinduranya ibintu, hamwe no kubaka aluminiyumu y’uruhu.
Intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose
Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, aluminiyumu yari ikenewe mu bikorwa byinshi bya gisirikare - cyane cyane kubaka amakadiri y'indege - byatumaga umusaruro wa aluminiyumu uzamuka.
Icyifuzo cya aluminium cyari kinini cyane ku buryo mu 1942, WOR-NYC yatanze ikiganiro kuri radiyo “Aluminium for Defence” mu rwego rwo gushishikariza Abanyamerika gutanga umusanzu wa aluminiyumu mu ntambara.Gutunganya Aluminiyumu byashishikarijwe, kandi “Tinfoil Drives” yatanze amatike ya firime ku buntu mu rwego rwo kugura imipira ya aluminium.
Mu gihe cyo kuva muri Nyakanga 1940 kugeza Kanama 1945, Amerika yakoze indege zitangaje 296.000.Kurenga kimwe cya kabiri cyakozwe ahanini muri aluminium.Inganda zo mu kirere z’Amerika zashoboye guhaza ibikenewe ingabo z’Amerika, ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa b’abanyamerika harimo n’Ubwongereza.Mugihe cyo hejuru mu 1944, inganda zindege zabanyamerika zakoraga indege 11 buri saha.
Intambara irangiye, Amerika yari ifite ingufu zirwanira mu kirere zikomeye ku isi.
Ibihe bigezweho
Kuva intambara irangiye, aluminium yabaye igice cyingenzi mu gukora indege.Mugihe ibice bya aluminiyumu yateye imbere, ibyiza bya aluminium bikomeza kuba bimwe.Aluminium yemerera abashushanya kubaka indege yoroheje cyane, ishobora gutwara imitwaro iremereye, ikoresha amavuta make kandi ntishobora kubora.
Concorde
Mu gukora indege zigezweho, aluminium ikoreshwa ahantu hose.Concorde, yatwaye abagenzi inshuro zirenga ebyiri umuvuduko wijwi mumyaka 27, yubatswe nuruhu rwa aluminium.
Indege ya Boeing 737 yagurishijwe cyane n’indege y’ubucuruzi yatumye ingendo zo mu kirere ziba impamo, ni aluminium 80%.
Indege z'uyu munsi zikoresha aluminium muri fuselage, ibaba ry'amababa, ingeri, imiyoboro isohoka, umuryango n'amagorofa, intebe, moteri ya moteri, n'ibikoresho bya cockpit.
Ubushakashatsi bwo mu kirere
Aluminium ni ntagereranywa ntabwo ari mu ndege gusa ahubwo no mu cyogajuru, aho uburemere buke bujyanye n'imbaraga nini ari ngombwa cyane.Mu 1957, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zohereje icyogajuru cya mbere, Sputnik 1, cyakozwe mu mavuta ya aluminium.
Icyogajuru cyose kigezweho kigizwe na 50% kugeza 90% ya aluminium.Amavuta ya aluminiyumu yakoreshejwe cyane ku cyogajuru cya Apollo, icyogajuru cya Skylab, icyogajuru hamwe na sitasiyo mpuzamahanga.
Icyogajuru cya Orion - kuri ubu kirimo gutezwa imbere - kigamije kwemerera abantu gukora ubushakashatsi kuri asteroide na Mars.Uruganda, Lockheed Martin, yahisemo amavuta ya aluminium-lithium kugirango ibice byingenzi bigize imiterere ya Orion.
Ikibanza cya Skylab
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-20-2023